I-Ceramic Lined Launders

I-Ceramic Lined Launders

Isingeniso Somkhiqizo

Isiwashi simane siyisiteshi esiqondisa okokusebenza okugelezayo - okusadaka, okugxilile, okusasila, noma amakhemikhali - ukusuka ocezu lwesisetshenziswa kuya kwesinye. Embonini yokucubungula amaminerali, abawashi bathwala udaka lwamaminerali olubalulekile kude namaseli antantayo. Embonini yokulungiselela amalahle, bahambisa i-magnetite medium kanye ne-coal slurry. Embonini yamakhemikhali, aphatha uketshezi olubolayo nezingxube ezihuquzelayo.

Inkinga ukuthi lezi zinto ziguga ngokushesha imishini yokuwasha. Izinhlayiya ezilumayo ziklwebha phansi nasezinhlangothini. Amakhemikhali agqwalayo adla ngensimbi engavikelekile. Iwashi yenza izimbobo, ukuvuza, namaphethini okugeleza angalingani. Ukukhiqiza kuyahlupheka. Abasebenzi bokunakekela bayachoma futhi bafake esikhundleni, bafake futhi bafake esikhundleni.

Iziwashi ze-ceramic zikalayini ze-ceramic zixazulula lokhu ngokuhlanganisa amathayela we-alumina asondelene kakhulu nendawo engaphakathi yesihlanzi. I-ceramic ithatha ukuguga. Isakhiwo sensimbi sihlala sinjalo. Umphumela uba ilondolo elihlala iminyaka esikhundleni sezinyanga - ngokugeleza okungaguquki, ukuvuza okumbalwa, nokunakekelwa okungabikezelwa.

Kumthengi wezitolo ezinkulu, lokhu kusho ukuhlinzeka ngesixazululo senani eliphezulu esidingwa ngempela izimayini nezilungisa izinto.

Izici ezibalulekile

Izinto ezine ezinquma ukuthi indawo yokuhlanza efakwe ulayini yobumba izosebenzela ikhasimende lakho.

Gqoka ukumelana lapho kubaluleke kakhulu.Phansi kwesiwashi sibona izinto ezihuzuka kakhulu - ezislayida eduze kwayo njalo. Ama-sidewalls aphansi nawo athatha ukuguga okuphawulekayo, ikakhulukazi emadolobheni nama-turnouts. Iziwashi ezijwayelekile zensimbi noma ezinerabha ezinerabha zigqoka ngokungalingani, zithuthukisa imifantu namachashazi aphansi ashintsha amaphethini okugeleza. Ilayini ye-alumina ceramic ye-Tecera, enobulukhuni be-Mohs 9, imelana nalokhu kuhuzuka okuslayidayo kangcono kunensimbi noma irabha.

Ukugeleza okubushelelezi kuvimbela ukunqwabelana.Ilayini elimahhadlahhadla noma indawo enamabhawodi avele agqamile idala isiphithiphithi kanye namaphoyinti okubamba lapho okubalulekile kunqwabelana khona. Uma ukwakheka sekuqalile, kunciphisa isiteshi, kusheshise ukugeleza, futhi kwandise ukuguga. Indawo epholishiwe yamathayela e-ceramic idala ukungqubuzana okuphansi, igcina impahla ihamba kahle.

Umklamo ohlangene uqeda izindlela zokuguguleka.Ukugeleza kwamanzi noma ukugeleza kwe-slurry kuthola izikhala futhi kugugule ukunamathela. Ukufakwa kwamathayela okuvamile kuvame ukushiya izikhala zomugqa oqondile eziba iziteshi zokuguguleka. Ukuhlelwa komthungo onyakaziswayo kwe-Tecera kuvimbela izikhala eziqhubekayo - ilunga ngalinye liyasuswa, ngakho ayikho indlela eyodwa egijima ubude besihlanzi.

Ukumelana nokugqwala kwama-slurries anolaka.Ama-slurries amalahle ngokuvamile ane-acidic (pH 4-5). Uketshezi lwezitshalo zamakhemikhali lungaba ne-alkaline kakhulu. Insimbi igqwala. Injoloba iyakhukhumala noma iyathamba. I-Ceramic ayisebenzi. Isakhiwo se-alumina esiminyene, esine-porosity ephansi (ukumuncwa kwamanzi Ngaphansi noma kulingana no-0.01%) akumunyi noma kusabele ngalolu ketshezi.

Impahla, Isakhiwo kanye Nokukhiqiza

Ukwakheka kwezinto.Ulayini luqukethe amathayela e-alumina e-alumina e-alumina asondelene kakhulu - ngokuvamile angu-92% noma angu-95% Al₂O₃. Lawa mathayili anokuqina kwe-Mohs 9, ukuminyana kwenqwaba Kukhulu noma kulingana no-3.63 g/cm³, nokumuncwa kwamanzi Ngaphansi noma kulingana no-0.01%. Kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ezinomthelela ophezulu, amathayela e-ZTA (zirconia‑toughened alumina) ayatholakala anokuqina kokuphuka okudlula u-5.0 MPa·m¹/².

Isakhiwo sokuhlanza.Igobolondo elingaphandle lenziwe ngensimbi ethambile (imvamisa engu-6–10 mm ukujiya), lakhiwe laba iphrofayela yesiteshi edingekayo - engunxande, e-trapezoidal, noma emise u-U-. Amathayela e-ceramic aboshwe endaweni engaphakathi kusetshenziswa i-epoxy enamathelayo yamandla aphezulu. Isibopho singamakhemikhali (i-epoxy inamathela kukho kokubili insimbi ne-ceramic) kanye nemishini (ingcina igcwalisa ukungahambi kahle kwendawo).

Inqubo yokukhiqiza.Igobolondo lokuhlanza lenzelwe ubukhulu bekhasimende kanye nephrofayili. Indawo engaphakathi ilungiswa - ifakwe isihlabathi noma iphansi ukuze kukhishwe ukugqwala, isikali, namafutha. Amathayela obumba omile-abekwa kuqala ukuze kuhlolwe ukufaneleka nokumaka noma yikuphi ukusikeka ngokwezifiso. I-epoxy yezingxenye ezimbili ixutshiwe (ngokujwayelekile 2:1 noma 4:1 isilinganiso) futhi isetshenziswa endaweni yokuwasha (hhayi ithayela elingemuva). Amathayili acindezelwa endaweni, aqinisekisa ukuthintana okugcwele. Izikhala phakathi kwamathayili zigcinwa zincane (Ngaphansi noma zilingana no-1 mm) futhi ziyanyakaza ukuze kugwenywe ukuthungwa okuqhubekayo. Ngemuva kokwelashwa okugcwele (amahora angu-24 ku-25 degree), ulwelwesi luhlolelwa ama-voids noma amathayili avulekile.

Yini eyenza uTecera ahluke.Imigqa eminingi yokuhlanza isebenzisa amathayela ayisikwele abekwe ngephethini yegridi, edala izikhala zomugqa oqondile eduze kwendlela yokugeleza. Lezi zikhala ziba imigudu yokuguguleka komhlabathi. Ukuhlelwa komthungo okunyakazayo kwe-Tecera, kuhlanganiswe namathayili e-trapezoidal lapho kudingeka, kuqeda izindlela zokugqokwa eziqhubekayo. Ukwengeza, sinikezela ngomumo wethayela wangokwezifiso wokushintsha kokuwasha, ukuphuma, namabhokisi okuhlukanisa - izindawo lapho amathayela ajwayelekile angashiya izikhala ezinkulu.

Imininingwane Yezobuchwepheshe

Ithebula 1 – Izakhiwo ezijwayelekile zamathayela e-alumina zolwelwesi lokuhlanza izingubo

Ithebula 2 - Amaphrofayili okuhlanza ajwayelekile kanye nobukhulu

Amaphrofayela ngokwezifiso nobukhulu kuyatholakala. Iziwashi zingahlinzekwa ngeziphetho ezivulekile, ukuxhunywa kwe-spigot, noma iziphetho ezingenalutho zokushisela insimu.

Izinzuzo Zomkhiqizo

1. Impilo ende yokuwasha isho ukushintshwa okumbalwa

Ngoba i-alumina ceramic lining inobulukhuni be-Mohs 9 - obuqine kakhulu kunensimbi (Mohs 5–6) - izinhlayiya ezi-abrasive zishelela phezu kwalo ngaphandle kokusika phezulu. Emshinini wokuwasha udaka lwamalahle lapho insimbi ingase idlule khona ezinyangeni eziyi-12-18, okokuhlanza okunomugqa wobumba ngokuvamile kusebenza iminyaka engu-5-7. Emayini eyayithatha indawo yeziwashi zensimbi njalo ngonyaka, lowo mehluko usho ukushintshwa okumbalwa okungu-5–6 esikhathini sokuphila kwesitshalo. Ukushintshwa ngakunye kubiza umsebenzi, isikhathi sokuphumula, nezinto ezibonakalayo. Ikhasimende lakho longa kakhulu ekulungiseni.

2. Izithungo ezinyakazayo zivimbela imigudu yokuguguleka

Amathayela ayisikwele abekwe kugridi ashiya izikhala zomugqa oqondile eduze nendawo yokugeleza. Ukugeleza kwamanzi noma ukugeleza kwe-slurry kuthola lezi zikhala futhi kugugule okunamathelayo ngaphansi. Uma ingcina isihambile, amathayela ayaxega futhi aphume. Ukuhlelwa komthungo okunyakazayo kwe-Tecera - kusetshenziswa amathayela e-trapezoidal lapho kudingeka khona - kuqinisekisa ukuthi alikho igebe eliqhubekayo elihamba ngaphezu kobude bethayela elilodwa. Okokuhlanza okuntantayo kucubungula ukugxilwa kwethusi elincibilikayo, lolu shintsho olulula lungaphinda kabili impilo yesevisi yolwelwesi. Ikhasimende lakho lithola isikhathi esengeziwe; uthola izimangalo ezimbalwa zewaranti.

3. Akukho ukungena okuwuketshezi, akukho monakalo weqhwa

Ukumuncwa kwamanzi ngaphansi kuka-0.01% kusho ukuthi i-ceramic ayimumbi uketshezi oluludaka noma umswakama. Esitshalweni sokulungiselela amalahle lapho i-slurry ine-acidic, ithayela elinezimbotshana lingamunca leyo asidi futhi libe buthaka ngaphakathi. Embonini yamandla esimweni sezulu esibanda, umswakama omuncwe ubungaqhwa futhi uqhekeze ithayela. Amathayili aminyene kaTecera asusa zombili izindlela zokuhluleka. Ekhasimendeni elinabawashi bangaphandle ezindaweni ezibandayo, lokhu kubalulekile - ukuhlukana okukodwa okuncane kwasebusika okufanele ukhathazeke ngakho.

4. Indawo ebushelelezi ithuthukisa ukugeleza futhi inciphise ukunqwabelana

Indawo ye-ceramic epholishiwe (ubukhulu obungu-Ra Ngaphansi noma obulingana no-0.8 μm) idala ukungqubuzana okuphansi. Okubalulekile kugeleza ngokushesha ngesiyaluyalu esincane. Ukwakhiwa emaphethelweni nasemakhoneni kuncishisiwe. Kumshini wokuwasha izisila ophatha okunamathelayo, okucolekile, lokhu kungasho umehluko phakathi kokugeleza kokuzihlanza kanye nokuhlanza mathupha kwamasonto onke. Ku-opharetha wezitshalo, lokho kusho umsebenzi omncane kanye nokuvinjwa okumbalwa. Kuwe, kusho umkhiqizo oxazulula ikhanda elibuhlungu elingapheli.

5. Ukumelana nokugqwala kwezindawo zamakhemikhali ezinolaka

Emshinini wokuwasha wamakhemikhali ophatha i-asidi noma izixazululo ze-alkaline, insimbi igqwala. Injoloba iyakhukhumala noma iyathamba. I-alumina ceramic eminyene ayisebenzi - ayisebenzi kumakhemikhali amaningi. Embonini yokucubungula i-phosphate lapho udaka lune-acidic, indawo yokuhlanza insimbi ingase idinge ukushintshwa njalo ngemva kwezinyanga eziyisi-6-8 ngenxa yokugqwala. I-ceramic launder efakwe umugqa isebenza iminyaka. Ikhasimende lakho lilondoloza izindleko zempahla nesikhathi sokuphumula. Uzuza udumo ngemikhiqizo esebenza ngaphansi kwezimo ezinzima.

Amagama angukhiye: izinzuzo ze-alumina launder, gqoka isiwashi se-flotation esingazweli, izinzuzo zesiteshi se-ceramic lined slurry

Izimo Zokusebenza - Izibonelo Zemboni Yangempela

Ukucutshungulwa kwamaminerali - iziwashi zamaseli e-flotation

Ku-concentrator yethusi, amangqamuzana antantayo akhiqiza igwebu elichichima kubahlanzi abaqoqayo. Le slurry egxilile iqukethe izinhlayiya zamaminerali amahle kodwa abrasive. Iphansi lewashi kanye nezindonga eziseceleni ziguga ngokuqhubekayo. Imayini eyodwa eChile yayishintsha izingubo zensimbi njalo ngemva kwezinyanga ezingu-9-12. Ngemva kokufaka iziwashi ezinomugqa weTecera zobumba, zona lezi ziwashi zasebenza iminyaka engaphezu kwemine. Iphethini yethayela enyakazayo ivimbele ukuguguleka komphetho, futhi indawo ebushelelezi ye-ceramic yayigcina igxilile igeleza ngokukhululeka.

Ukulungiswa kwamalahle - i-magnetite medium launders

Isitshalo sokulungiselela amalahle eNtshonalanga Virginia sisebenzisa izishingishane eziphakathi nendawo ukuhlukanisa amalahle ku-shale. I-magnetite slurry izungeza kabusha ngokusebenzisa izingubo zokugeza phakathi kweziphepho nezikrini zokudonsa amanzi. Le slurry i-abrasive (kusuka ku-magnetite) futhi ine-acidic kancane (pH 5-6). Iziwashi zensimbi zenze ukuvuza kwemigodi phakathi kwezinyanga eziyi-8. Iziwashi ezinomugqa zobumba ze-Tecera, ezifakwe ngemithungo enyakazayo kanye ne-epoxy yamandla aphezulu, zisebenze ubusika obuthathu ngaphandle kokwehluleka - zisinda kukho kokubili ukuhlaselwa kwamakhemikhali nemijikelezo yokuncibilika kweqhwa.

Imboni yamakhemikhali - i-phosphoric acid slurry launders

Isitshalo sikamanyolo eFlorida sikhiqiza i-phosphoric acid ngokuphendula idwala le-phosphate ne-sulfuric acid. I-slurry ewumphumela i-abrasive kakhulu (kusuka ezinhlayiyeni zamatshe ezingaphenduliwe) futhi ine-asidi eqinile (pH 1-2). Iziwashi zensimbi zigqwalile ezinyangeni ezi-4-6. Iziwashi ezinamalayini erabha zathatha izinyanga eziyi-8-10 kodwa zazidinga ukupeshwa njalo. I-Tecera ihlinzeke ngezihlanzi ezifakwe ulayini ze-alumina ezingama-95% ezine-epoxy emelana ne-asidi. Ngemva kwezinyanga ezingu-14 zokusebenza okuqhubekayo, ulwelwesi lwabonisa ukuguga okuncane kuphela, kungekho monakalo wokugqwala. Imboni ilinganisela ukuthi abawashi be-ceramic bazohlala iminyaka engu-4–5 - ukuthuthukiswa okuphindwe ka-6 kunensimbi.

Ukulahlwa kwemisila - amabhokisi okusabalalisa izingubo

Imayini yegolide e-Nevada isebenzisa inethiwekhi yabawashi ukusabalalisa udaka lwe-tailing kusuka ku-thickener kuya ezindaweni eziningi zokubeka. I-slurry iqukethe izinhlayiya ze-silica ezicijile. Izingubo zokuwasha zazigqokwa njalo ezinyangeni eziyisi-6-8. Iziwashi ze-ceramic zikalayini ze-ceramic, ezinamathayili awugqinsi angu-25 mm ezindaweni zokugqokwa okuphezulu kanye namathayili angu-12 mm kwenye indawo, zisebenze izinyanga ezingu-22 ngaphandle kokugqokwa okulinganisekayo phansi. Idizayini yomthungo entengantengayo isuse i-groove eqhubekayo edale ukwehluleka ngaphambi kwesikhathi kumajoyinti ethayela.

Ukukhiqiza amandla - izingubo zokugeza umlotha

Isikhungo sikagesi esibaswa ngamalahle e-Ohio sisebenzisa amanzi ukuthulula umlotha osuka kubhayela ukuya emgqonyeni wokukhipha amanzi. I-ash slurry iyashisa (ama-80-100 degree) futhi iyaluma kakhulu. Iziwashi zensimbi zathatha izinyanga eziyi-12-18. Isitshalo sishintshele kumishini yokuhlanza efakwe ulayini ye-ceramic ene-epoxy yokushisa ephezulu (ilinganiselwe ku-230 degree). Ngemuva kweminyaka emithathu, uhlaka luhlala luqinile. Lesi sikhungo sisuse ukushintshwa kwempahla ehlanzekile minyaka yonke ohlelweni lwazo lokulungisa.

Isigayo sensimbi - iziwashi ze-sinter plant slurry

Isigayo sensimbi e-China siphatha i-sinter plant dust slurry - ingxube yamanzi, izinhlayiya ze-sinter ezinhle, nama-asidi ayinsalela. Isistimu yokuwasha yayishintshwa minyaka yonke ngenxa yenhlanganisela yokuhuzuka nokugqwala. I-Tecera inikeze nge-ZTA ceramic launders (i-zirconia-toughened alumina) ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukumelana nomthelela. Amathayili ahlanganiswe ne-epoxy engazweli amakhemikhali. Ngemva kwezinyanga ezingu-18, ukuhlolwa akuzange kubonise ukuhlukaniswa kwamathayela nokuguga okuncane. Isigayo senziwe salingana neziwashi ezinemigqa ye-Tecera kuzo zonke izinhlelo zokusebenza zokuphatha udaka.

Uku-oda nokusekela

I-Tecera ihlinzeka ngeziwashi ezifakwe ulayini ze-ceramic kumaphrofayela angokwezifiso nobukhulu, ngamathayili angu-92%, 95%, noma we-ZTA alumina. Iziwashi zinganikezwa njengamaqoqo aphelele (igobolondo lensimbi + ulayini lwe-ceramic) noma njengamakhithi olayini wokufakwa kwenkundla kumagobolondo okuhlanza akhona.

Ukuze ucele ikhotheshini, sicela unikeze:iphrofayela yokuhlanza (unxande, i-trapezoidal, umumo we-U), ububanzi nokujula kwangaphakathi, ubude obudingekayo, izinto eziphathwayo (uhlobo lwe-ore, i-pH e-slurry, izinga lokushisa), kanye nesilinganiso somthamo wonyaka. Kumaphrojekthi okubuyisela, sicela unikeze umdwebo noma ubukhulu besayithi.

Intengo yenqwaba iyatholakala kubathengi bezitolo ezinkulu. Amasampula wamahhala wethayela le-ceramic ne-adhesive ayatholakala ukuze ahlolwe. Isikhathi sokuqala sokwenziwa komshini wokuwasha ngokwezifiso amaviki angu-4-6. Sithumela emhlabeni wonke ngamaphakeji ebanga lokuthekelisa. Isikhathi sokuphendula sezicelo zekhowuthi ngokuvamile siyizinsuku ezimbili zebhizinisi.

Amagama angukhiye: isicaphuni se-ceramic lined launder, umkhiqizi we-alumina, umhlinzeki wempahla ongagqoki, intengo ye-ceramic flotation launder

Amashadi ashisayo: Izingubo zokugqoka ze-ceramic, i-China ceramic lined abakhiqizi, abahlinzeki, imboni